Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics EssayAs we confound discussed the estimable issued related to achievement and distribution of drink, we will now focus on the ethical issues relating to the consumption of drink. The consumption of wine-colored-colored in U. S. has been on the rise since blend in fifteen years. The U. S. ranks 34th in wine consuming nations with wine consumption of 7. 69 liters per capita per annum. The consumption of wine in 1994 was 404 million gallons which increase to 658 million gallons in the year 2008. These figures show the growing popularity of wine in U. S. Consumption grew 2. 5% per annum.As capita income per person has increased, the wine consumption has also seen a increasing trend. fit to U. S. Beverage Marketing Corpo ration, the complete wine consumption have rise in last few years. As people are proceedting environmental and health conscious, they are turning towards complete products. In 2003/04, organic wine consumption was about 6. 5% of total bevera ge market in U. S. , which increased to 9. 5% in the year 2007/08. This signifies the important sentiment of change in the human nature that is turning to the products which is beneficial to both humans and environment.The type of wine customer consumes depends on the number of factors namely per capita income, household size, preference of quality over price etc. The nutrition facts of wine are minimal. There is no cholesterol or fat present in the wine. Generally, the alcohol content ranges in between 10-15%. Over consumption of wine can be dodgy to health as it can cause unconsciousness and high blood pressure. Nutrition Facts (Serving Size 6 oz) Amount per serving Red Wine uncontaminating Wine Calories 123 115 Protein . 28 grams . 14 gramsCholesterol 0 0 Sodium 8. 5 milligrams 8. 5 milligrams Carbohydrates 2. 9 grams 1. 35 grams Vitamin B1(Thiamin) . 01 % . 01 % Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) . 05 % . 01 % Vitamin B3 (Niacin) . 13 % . 12 % perfect wine is the wine produced from o rganically grown grapes without adding any sulfites. Organic wine is the best quality wine obtained without relying on chemical fertilizers. The most important aspect of producing organic wine is the matching of unique characteristics of growing region with the most suitable variety of grapes.Different varieties of grapes need different soil and climate to grow. Usually, fervid and dry climates are suitable for growing quality grapes and these climates protect the grapes against moulds and other diseases resulting from humid climate. The smaller sized grapes are suitable and cravingd for the employment of organic wine because we get the distinctive taste for a particular wine from grapes skin and the smaller grapes has high skin to juice ratio as compared to the large sized grapes.But the yield per field of small sized grapes is considerably low, which increase the cost of production per unit volume. The grapes in the organic vineyard are usually handpicked which allows only the ripest and healthiest grapes to be picked up. This bear on also minimizes the damage to the soil and the fruit. This accounts for the difference in taste of the wine. But this handpicking of grapes increase the wear down be. Low yield and handpicking of grapes, along with other factors, increase the overall production costs.Thus, organic wine is generally expensive than the regular wine. It is far better in quality and taste than the regular cut-rate wine. The consumption of organic wine has effect on the environment. As the grapes have been grown naturally, no pesticides or insecticide had been used and re-plantation of oak trees to replace the cut oak trees helps in preserving the nature and benefits the world around us by preserving the soil and help reducing the contaminant to both air and soil. It helps maintain the balance of nature. The organic wine production is an ethical business process.Nobody feels cheated in this process, as the customer gets the quality products for the dollars he/she spends and know what he is getting as there is no deception on the labels, and the producer get the return for following the sincere ethical processes. Customers get the value for the money spent as they get high quality wine with distinctive taste. On the other hand, the producer earns enough to cover his costs of production and also take outs a profit. The environment is also saved through this ethical business practices which is the biggest gain.On the other hand, the regular wine can be produced with the large sized grapes and the insecticides and pesticides are used on a large scale. As the yield of large grapes is more, the cost of production per unit volume is low. This results in lower prices. The regular wine is pretty cheap and available in abundance qualities. Thus, it is affordable to people with low income. It is cost friendly to both the wine producers and the customers. Wine producers can adopt mass production of the regular wine as the product ion costs are low and there are no special regulations to be followed, this result in increased profits.Customers are also attracted to the low- priced wine as they have to spend less and get their wine desire satisfied with this low priced regular wine as compared to costly organic wine. But there are consequences of drinking cheap wine. The production of regular wine has an adverse effect on the environment. As the consumption of regular wine is increasing, so does the adverse effects. The use of unlimited pesticides, insecticides and other chemicals not only back up the soil but also the air we breathe. It level off spoils the water bed beneath the soil.The deforestation of the oak trees is rapidly increasing. The effects are adverse than we could even think and they are long termed/ lived. The cheap wine could have health consequences too. The sulfites present in the wine can degrade persons health. The cheap wine has much higher sulfur content than expensive organic wines. The consumption of this cheap wine could results in allergies, breathing problems, skin rashes, itches and nausea. Overindulgence of wine can raise the blood pressure which could be harmful.In the recent years, the genetically engineering wine production is on the rise. It is the method of wine production using the gene altered grapes. The genetically engineered vineyards are more resistant to the fungal diseases than the traditional vineyards. The main motive behind the genetical engineering is to make vineyards more resistant to diseases and increase the output of grapes. The researched concluded that these disease resistant plants would need very less pesticides, thus lowering the use of pesticide in production process.This is really beneficial for the environment. But it is feared that the genetically altered genes may result in uniformity of taste of different wines. But according to the lines people have not accepted the genetically engineered wine. They have rejected the concep t of genetically engineered wine as the fears of taste uniformity have raised concerns. According to the report by Greenpeace, California wine makers may have to face mass consumer rejection if they accepted the genetically engineered grapes for their wine production process.British retailers have also be California wine makers to quit importing their wine if they adopted the genetically engineered wine making process. Fact is that, Britain is the largest importer of California wine as it imports 30% of the submits wine. Researchers have found out that the gene which is inserted into the wine grapes create a protein similar to that present in the bee venom. This could cause anaphylactic shock in some people and can also create other health issues. This deadly substance could not be put out the production process of the genetically engineered wine.

The Iliad Essay Example for Free

The Iliad EssayGreek Mythology is dominated by numerous heroes, all with unique super-human qualities. The purpose of e precise story is to demonstrate each pieces remarkable gift. Some of the qualities represented by these colorful characters include caution, confidence, kindness, strength, and courage. Combining Odysseus wisdom, Achilles intimidation factor, and Hectors bravery, would result in the ultimate warrior who would devolve the best of Homers creations.Among Homers enviable heroes, Odysseus with his great cunning wisdom is certainly angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most admired. In every study battle, it is Odysseus who comes up with the ideas to outsmart the enemy or more importantly, factors that will help and allow the Achaians to win the battles, Wait a bit, Achilles- we manage your quality, but do non drive out the legions to battle fasting. Fighting lasts a long time, when once the battalions meetFirst order them all to take food and inebriety here in camp. Strength and courage both are mine when I have my bread and wineThen dismiss, and tell them to make a proper meal. (Homer 231).This not only shows Odysseus knowledge in how a battle runs and what the soldiers need in order to have energy to oppose well in battle, but also shows how Odysseus wisdom is acknowledged by the Achaians and he is well-respected by having kings and princes such as Agammenon and Achilles listen and do what he suggests. With his words, Odysseus also keeps the Achaian army intact, precisely here we have the ninth year at the turn, and still we stayBut all the same, it is disgraceful to stay long and then to return empty. succumb it, my friends (Homer 28). The soldiers have grown impatient especially with their lack of result. Odysseus uses his wisdom to demonstrate understanding of the soldiers plight, yet at the same time, remind them that theyve put in so much time and that they need to have something to show for it A successful, exemplar warrior most definitely needs Odysseuss wisdom on the battlefield.Achilles is another one of the most famous Greek heroes. He is known as a great warrior, someone who easily intimidates all his opponents. Very few other mythology figures is a better press outer than Achilles and his intimidation factor is an extremely useful weapon, When Acilles appeared after his long absence, and the Trojans aw him sweep into the field with gleaming armour like a very god of war, their knees trembled beneath them in dismay (Homer 237).Without even having to make a move, Achilles causes his enemies to be afraid of him and want to back down. A warrior who can intimidate his enemies by just sight, usually does have the advantage to dominate in actually fighting. Once Achilles engages in combat, it is clear to see that his skills are above all others, My safe Priamides Why do you tell me to tackle that proud man, when you know that is the last thing I want?Its no honorable for a upright man to fight Achi llesAnd even without that his cast goes straight and does not stop till it runs through human flesh (Homer 237-238). Aineias, who is no amateur soldier, is clearly loth to risk his life facing Achilles. A true, ideal warrior would definitely need to have the sort of reputation that Achilles has.An ideal warrior also needs to have bravery. No one represents this trait better than the famous Trojan, Hector. In the ten years of defending the City Of Troy, Hector is never directly connected to any defeat. Where Aineias backs rancid without hesitation, Hector also aware of Achilles reputation steps up instead when he tells Achilles, I know you are a stronger man than I am, but all that lies on the knees of the gods (Homer 243). Hector knows he may lose his life, but he is so full of bravery that he is not afraid to fight Achilles one on one. Hectors daring actions also show how his valor. The killing of Patroclos is probably the most troublesome death of a warrior.Patroclos death leads to the Trojans and the Achaians to fight with even more intensity. However, bold Hector did not just kill Patroclos, but did something even worse, Hector had taken the armour, and now he was dragging outdoor(a) the body, intending to cut off the head and throw the body among the carrion dogs (Homer 204-205). This shows how not only is Hector daring enough to kill Patroclos when knowing he is a good friend of Achilles, but also has the guts to take his armor and even attempt to carry the body back to the Trojan city to be his head teacher pride. To be considered as a warrior, the man most definitely needs to take valiant actions.After reading Homers famous Iliad, we the readers know that Homer did not put all of the great qualities into one single warrior, but instead put great characteristics and qualities into different warriors, which when combined forms an ideal warrior- the junto of Odysseuss wisdom, Achilles intimidation, and Hectors bravery. Odysseus with his cunning wisdo m not only comes up with ideas to outsmart the Achaian enemies and to win the battles, but he also helps keep the Achaian army intact. Achilles with his intimidating reputation allows him to be greatly feared by his opponents and highly-respected for his combat skills. Ultimately, Hector with his bravery and the bold actions he takes earns him a reputation of a greatly-respected hero. It is obvious that an ideal warrior must have the characteristics of Odysseus, Achilles, and Hector, heroes in The Iliad.

A Sociological Perspective on the Drug War

A Sociological Perspective on the Drug warKelli Pip whiletaIntroductionThe War on Drugs has been going on for many years. Drugs were never the repoint of this warfare, nevertheless racism was. Today, in the modern era of the drug war, it is not just a war on race, but also a war on the lower- mixer sectionalisation societies. This essay allow for briefly give examples of the history in which some of the first laws a crystallizest drugs were enacted and show the conflicting racial and social class issues that are raised as well as a sociological functional perspective.Class Conflict and Racial ConflictThe modern era of the War on Drugs seems to target not only minorities, but also white lower-class citizens as well. The gap between the rich and poor is not acquire delicateer, but rather becoming larger. Many lower-class individuals want to gain upward mobility within society, but have limited resources to accomplish these means. These individuals may jut out from what sociolog ists c every relative deprivation, the social or economic inequality for individuals that cannot achieve legitimate ways of success. These individuals seek out a means to achieve this social mobility by selling drugs, or cultivating drugs to make financial gain. Others may be a product of their environment and may be shaped in a certain fashion that leads them to crime. These lower-class societies are oppressed by capitalism. Most individuals seek out a better life and have the American Dream, but that dream is only a reality for very few within poorer communities.From a historical view, looking at the War on Drugs, it has forever been a racial divide. The War on Drugs has almost always been a war on race, not drugs. From the beginning of written drug laws that have been enforced, they have always targeted a race. For example, first the target was towards the Chinese immigrants in California with the opium ban in San Francisco in 1875. Moreover, after that the Hispanics from Mexico were targeted and blamed, hence came the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937. When the opium ban was enacted, white middle-class and upper-class men felt that white women belonging in these classes were being seduced by the opium dens. However, these opium dens were used by a small percentage of Oriental immigrants and white women of the upper-class did not frequent these establishments. White men created an outrage in the public eye and the first anti-opium regulation was passed. The opium legislation that was passed in 1937 can be directly attributed to racism, white conservative men were scared and felt threatened by the Chinese cultures and ways so they go to alienate them as well as have them moved out of the get together States territories.Racism is still a key contributor to the War on Drugs, individuals such as Donald Trump made racism the backbone of his campaign. Trump focused on Mexico, claiming that they are rapists and drug dealers, calling them bad hombres. Additionally, the political chopine was used to divide the United States and create a myth that minority immigrants, mostly consist of drug dealers and law breaking offenders. Statistical data shows differently, agree to Philip Bump from the Washington PostData from the census and a wide range of other empirical studies show that for every ethnic group without exception, incarceration order among young men are lowest for immigrants, even those who are the least educated. This holds true especially for the Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans, who make up the bulk of the undocumented population. (Ruben Rumbaut, University of California, 2008. Published by the Police Foundation.)Donald Trumps campaign directly targeted, discriminated, alienated, and generalized a whole group of individuals.A Functional PerspectiveThe question needs to be asked, why does the United States continue the War on Drugs? Drugs contribute to the economy in numerous ways. Prisoners within the correction departments help the private institutions with financial gain by producing products for or so twenty-five cents an hour. These prisoners are capitalist slaves they do rigorous work at minimum costs for companies that make immense profits off of these products. In addition, another(prenominal) contributing factor of the drug war is the jobs it creates police officers, judges, correctional officers, drug testing companies, etc. Robert Mertons theory of structural function is seen within these institutions, the institutions serve a purpose of keeping offenders out of the public and in return the offenders do labor for business and are paid a subsistent wage. The institutional workers (the quasi group) all fulfill their roles in society by performing the tasks and maintenance required within these institutions. The main purpose for the continuance of the drug war is the economic gain within society.ConclusionThe War on Drugs has been going on for years, it may have started out racially directed but in the modern era it has shifted to target both racial minorities and the lower-class in society. This war has created social class conflict as well as racial conflict and these conflicts will continue well into the future, unless institutions are stopped from making a financial gain.ReferencesBump, Philip. Surprise Donald Trump is Wrong about Immigrants and Crime. 2 July 2015. The Washington Post. Print. 2 February 2017.George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Greco-Roman Theories, Emile Durkheim From Mechanical to Organic Solidarity. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociolgical Theory and Its holy Roots. New York, Ny McGraw-Hill, 2013. 15-19. Print.George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Classical Theories Karl Marx, From Capitalsim to Communism. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociolgical Theories and Its Classical Roots. New York, NY McGraw-Hill, 2013. 21-30. Print.George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Grand Theories, Structural Functionalism. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociolgical Theories and Its Classical Roots. New York, NY McGraw-Hill, 2013. 72-88. Print.Goode, Erich. A History of Drug Control. Goode, Erich. Drugs In American Society. New York, Ny McGraw-Hill, 2015. 40-47. Print.

Fortune 500 Companies And Communication Systems And Strategies Business Essay

Fortune 500 Companies And Communication Systems And Strategies Business EssayThis paper give comparison sise Fortune 500 companies in their ability to communicate and their current strategies Nike, Microsoft, Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, Walgreens and Home end. Nike has been successful with the new colloquy system known as Polycom SpectraLink 8000 wireless Teleph hotshots. Microsoft has just launched their new communicating system known as Lync 2013 and has not had the opportunity to evaluate the performance analysis yet. Wal-Mart has been praised for their successful parley systems as substanti onlyy as their ability to enhance continuously to benefit both the stock and employees. Coca-Cola is attempting to align their business line goals with their go forth range of a function goals to enhance productivity and also lower current communication barriers. Walgreens has been successful in maintaining traditional communication systems of regular newsletters and early(a) printed c ommunication theory. Home term uses different types of communication systems to communicate with their employees and their clients such as a business artificial satellite network by reaching out to their guests using tender media.Communication systems and strategies are essential to the success of a business and the economy. Knowing how important communication systems and strategies are, we have decided to evaluate a few companies in regards to their ethical systems. This evaluation will focus on six Fortune 500 companies, Walgreens, Home Depot, Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart, Nike, and Microsoft. This process will include general information slightly each caller-up focusing primarily on their communication systems and strategies, and how it is put into practice within the company. This paper will also compare and contrast these companies and assess a conclusion on how effective or powerless each company operates using their communication systems and strategies.The first company that we will dissertate is Walgreens. Walgreens is a company that understands than typical illogical organization can and will governance challenges within a company. Thus, they have chosen to continue to push the envelope of traditional drugstore retailing that seems to be working so nearly for them. According to an article on Walgreens website, this traditional emergence system focuses on three areas of opportunity that puts them in a position for achieving long-term growth. Those areas are as followsDelivering a complete Well Experience by transforming the customer experience across all of the companys touch points, channels and formatsTransforming the role community pharmacy plays in health care by offering unparalleled access to innovative, high quality and affordable health-and-wellness services andCreating an unprecedented and in force(p) global platform through its strategic partnership with alliance Boots GmbH.However, Walgreens is also focusing on their environmental sust ainability. They are doing this by working on implementing a few other strategies in the future. These strategies differ depending on the location. They include geothermal energy systems, LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards, using electrical vehicle charging stations, and running on solar power.In terms of communication, Walgreens uses technology to enhance their communication systems. They do not have a specific pull in for their system exclusively its incorporation plays a major role in the company. Therefore, they induced a variety of corporate communications. These communications includes press releases, white papers, marketing materials, web site content, company correspondence, and sales presentations. And even though these forms of communication are the usual forms that companies use, they are consistent with Walgreens traditional stance. Most importantly, these various means of communications work for Walgreens and enables the company to commun icate effectively and instanter to their customers and employees.Overall, the communication system and strategies that Walgreens use are what allows the company to continue to grow and forge ahead. They are a successful company because of their traditional stance but willingness to adapt their strategies when needed in order to maintain customer satisfaction. Walgreens strives to be a company that lives up to their commission To be the most trusted, convenient multichannel supplier and advisor of innovative pharmacy, health and wellness solutions, and consumer goods and services in communities across America. A destination where health and happiness come together to encourage plurality get well, stay well and live well. Keeping that in mind, Walgreens communications and strategies have led them to become a successful company amongst other clear fortune 500 companies in their industries.Home Depot has a dynamic way of how they use their communication system to communicate infor mation to their employees and to the homeowners and the small business owners the server. Founded in 1978, the Home Depot since whence has morphed from an up and coming business into a dominant do it yourself fortune 500 company. Debuting on the NASDAQ in1981, Home Depot crossed over to the New York Stock Exchange in 1984. The owners Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank developed a business satellite network in 1990 in an essay to see if they were able to broadcast live meetings to all of their stores. This idea became a huge success. The satellite network helped for management to connect to the Home Depot employees and get on morale within their stores. Home Depot also invests heavily into their work force. They allow their employees to get the necessary training they need, which helps the employee feel much comfortable with their noesis of the store and its items. Training summations employees morale which leads to communication lines being open from the employee to his manager be cause the employees feel that the company wants them to succeed.Just a couple of years ago in 2011, Home Depots Vice President of corporate communications Brad Shaw, launched Home Depots first social media page. With a lot of competitors reaching out to customers using social media, Home Depot uses social media to talk about current sales they may be having, and also to sale their products. Using Facebook for an example, customers who are friends with the Home Depot Facebook page can share certain items they have used that they feel was a great buy from the Home Depot. After the customer has shared the item, e really atomic number 53 who is friends with the customer will see that post on his epoch line exposing people to Home Depot products. This is why social media targeting and communication is so critical. If only one customer can share a product they like with their friends, out of all of their friends one is bound to also like it which would start the cycle illustrated supra a ll over again.Coca Cola is more than complex in their communication systems. The potable retail giant operates more mechanically but keeps admit communication with the distribution supply chain to maintain quality products.The top brand in consumer potables is the Coca-Cola Company in the current marketplace. Cokes global supply chain is a vastly complex network of plants, bottlers, warehouses and customers, along with multiple product lines following multiple supply chains with differing objectives.The Coca Cola Company is the worlds largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands. The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where the Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory (Valluri, 2010). Coca-Cola is the manufacturer and distributor of its own products. Most of the supply chain is automated to create qui ck and efficient products. The product is not final until the distribution process, where they add the carbonated pissing and other required ingredients to get to the final product.All production is done in-house and final products are distributed all across the globe. A major setback Coca-Cola is currently working on resolving is the aligning the company objectives with the supply chain strategies. In fact, the Coca Cola Company does not actually produce soda. The company produces the concentrate or syrup, and then sends it to the distributors. The distributors add the carbonated water and all other ingredients to determine the final product. The process to create each beverage is extremely mechanized in order to achieve quick and efficient production (Valluri, 2010). Therefore, communications regarding quality standards are right off communicated throughout the supply chain.In November, 2010, Coca-Cola rolled out a new supply chain strategy by combining SAP Business Objects w ith ITCs Supply Chain Performance Management. The implementation completed in cooperation with SAP Consulting has been rolled out across the northwesterly American region and is a key milestone for Coca-Cola, allowing it to effectively align supply chain goals with business goals, providing visibility into end-to-end supply chain processes to help drive process consistency (Hochfelder, 2011). Coke conventional a set of supply chain guiding principles it wanted enforced center on on poetic rhythm needing no manual interventionFocus on metrics to drive profit consistency and metric consistency across the supply chainFocus on industry standards that are not Coke specificDevelop a robust system for reporting hierarchies that change when business changesAligning the company goals with the supply chain goals will ultimately make the business more successful by providing the accurate information throughout the company. Coca-Cola remains the top beverage retailer concluding the success of the new communication strategy.Unlike Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart is less complex in their communication systems. Wal-Mart is one of the largest public corporations and retailers in the world. What could make a corporation so successful? First, there has to be a business plan in which an effective strategy is applied to. This creates a basis on which everyone understands what direction the company is going towards. Communication systems are used to disperse the information through different channels. Whether its from a manager to an employee or the company to the consumer, communication is a very important factor of success.One variable for Wal-Marts successful communication strategy was the implementation of their satellite communication system. The 24-million dollar satellite was established in 1987, which at the time, was the worlds largest private satellite communication system. This network allowed multiple communications between all levels of the company distributors, headquarters , stores, and suppliers. The main idea for implementing the satellite is to allow for a quick ordering with their key suppliers. Also, it was used within the company to help communication from managers from different stores and to get direct feedback. The satellite has also been employ for customer satisfaction. On November 17, 1999, Wal-Mart broadcasted an exclusive concert by Garth Brooks via satellite to all of the locations. While being a major communication resource for the company, the satellite system cut costs by saving time and effort, resulting with consumers morale is boosted, card transactions are processed quicker, and the overall shopping experience is more efficient.Next, Wal-Mart works with over 200 companies worldwide. They are determined to make authentic that communication between each and every company is amazing. Wal-Mart has asked multiple companies to blend in or place a main office in the Northwest Arkansas area. This creates an easy communication from th e Wal-Mart Home Office and the other companies employees. It also creates a face to face environment for communication. Forcing companies to move their offices to Arkansas has opened the field for residents in Arkansas to obtain jobs there. Just imagine each company that Wal-Mart has brought into Arkansas has about fifty or more employees. That could be thousands jobs offering for residents. The key thing is to make sure that companies working with them are on the aforementioned(prenominal) path as them. Wal-Mart has become a company that is looking more into being environmentally friendly and work force. They have gone so far to ask companies to make sure that everything from the labels are environmentally friendly and that the people making them are in good working environment. For example, Bud Light is a beer company and Wal-Mart would demonstrate their product by the beer, bottle, bottle cap, box, and the label. Having explained the importance of a successful company is to mak e sure that if you are working with other companies that they are on the same pathway as you are.Last, it is very critical that Wal-Mart develops a good communication system within the headquarters and stores. Inside the headquarters, there are televisions located all around the building. The televisions are constant quantityly on and the management team goes over key points and the current goals for each department. Every Saturday, there is an open executive display panel meeting. They are open for every associate to bring their suggestions in and bring in famous people. In each department, they are required to do a weekly meeting, produce a goal list and suggestion list on something that they can improve on. The main communication goal is to make sure that each store is doing their part. The Northwest Arkansass stores are inspected monthly and changing the layouts to see what would work best. Worldwide, members of the management team are travelling to inspect stores unexpectedly to make sure that each stores are doing their duties twenty-four seven.The latest advancement to Wal-Mart in their communication system is to help the associates more. They have implemented on hiring more than three hundred human resources managers to work world-wide to make sure that the training needed is done correctly and policies are implemented correctly. They have created an ethic hotline to help employees anonymously discuss any discerns and to make sure each issues are dealt with correctly. Due to high critics, they have implemented that the senior management are connected to issues on the distinguish and have a section on their daily updates about anything about Wal-Mart coming out. The senior management team will deal with each issue and will now speak out more, so that the world will understand the issue and how the company is dealing with it. This new communication is issued to help increase the employees satisfaction and the overall recruiting process.The Nike Distr ibution center in Memphis, Tennessee had a dilemma they had to figure out a way to improve communications within the one million square foot facility. The center was relying on an overhead PA system to contact employees. The center restricted their phones to only inbound calls. There was no reliable communication and it was delayed at best. The company needed a way to eliminate the seven minute walk from administration to the warehoused each time a call was received. In 2002, a solution to the problem was reached. Nike implemented a system using Polycoms SpectraLink 8000 Wireless Telephones.This system not only eliminated the constant running around or PA system intercom, it also worked off of the warehouses existing Wi-Fi, eradicating the need for an outside service. Where the old system of cat and mouse was very expensive, Polycoms SpectraLink 8000 was very cost effective. It allowed for the communication between management and employees quickly, efficiently, and easily, and incre ased their productivity tremendously. Senior Telecommunication Technician Carol McSparrin quoted, Employees are able to communicate with one some other so much more quickly. Thats the benefit we were looking for all along. Now, employees dont need to have cell phones and pagers, so we do see a cost benefit. Plus, we are using the same Wi-Fi network we have in place for our handheld scanners and other mobile data applications. But most importantly, we have our employees working more efficiently.Nike successfully launched a new system within their folds with the use of the Polycom SpectraLink 8000 Wireless phone system that practically remade the way they communicated with each other. The new system allows employees to directly communicate with the right person every time without having to stop production, allowing the business to be more efficient. Microsoft, however, is just now launching a new communication system known as Lync 2013 which is said to be more successful than the pre vious system.Microsofts communication system is Lync 2013. The system was introduced less than a month ago, so it is too soon to tell how Lync 2013 will perform. Lync 2013 users can connect to anyone anywhere using Skype which enables hundreds of millions of people to interact across international borders making expenses less. The basic name of the system is the unified communications system. Microsoft developed this system. Apparently they were not happy with the other systems that were out there so they wrote their own. Lync can be integrated with other systems without large outlays of capital. This allows other companies to compare Lync to other communication systems and weigh the pros and cons of Lync to see if it would be beneficial to them.Microsofts communication strategy is to provide rich, presence-based, person-centric tools that make communications easier and amentaceous next is to integrate IP-based communications modalities including e-mail, instant messaging (IM), VoI P-telephony, SMS, and audio/video/web conferencing into a seamless and intuitive experience next is to make communications available on PCs, phones and innovative mobile devices, at work/home/on-the-road, on federated enterprise-consumer networks, and as on-premise and hosted service solutions. To enable communications from within day-by-day applications Microsoft Office, portals, line of business (LOB) applications, etc. To make available information, agent software,, and services, to improve connectivity with relevant parties despite the overload of incoming communications. To lower TCO for communications solutions by supplement existing IT infrastructure to enhance manageability and security and to provide interfaces and APIs that enable partners to extend Microsoft core offerings. Microsofts UC strategy is primarily targeted at its enterprise customer base.SimilaritiesAll of the companies implemented their new systems to try and alleviate communication problems within each co mpany. All of the companies had issues that weighed heavily on the production side of the company, and all of them implemented solid plans to improve their communications, and all of them implemented the systems to expand both their data bases and consumer contacts. The improvements that the companies made will have a great impact onDifferencesAll of the companies were different types of companies. We researched a retail store, a software giant, a mega hardware store, a legendary soft drink company, a megawatt shoe company, and a pharmaceutic mogul. Obviously, the needs for all of the companies were different. Each used a system unique to their business needs. For example, Nike needed better communication in order to contact employees, so wireless phones were their solution however, Microsoft needed a system to connect all different types of communications, so it developed Lync. The consumer base or the data base would not be the same as it would be had these all been the same type of company. Each company has different standards, and each company managed a successful communications strategy launch for their companies.Companies ability to communicate can have a direct impact on the quantity and quality of service. Without communication, nothing can move forward, only backward. Implementing systems of communication allows each company to both move forward and allow rapid adaptation to any changes it encounters. Each company lives up to their mission statements, and tries to stick to their traditions. The hopes to keep their companies strong, and promote fairness and excellence have become a part of each and every company. They have developed strategies that allow for the growth and prosperity of their respective companies. Each company may have applied their system differently, but each and every one of them has worked extremely hard toward a common goal You, the consumer.

Organisational behaviour for Woolworths

Organisational behaviour for WoolworthsIntroductionWoolworthsWoolworths was a high-street retail chain, which at its height operated more than 800 stores nationwide, and employed more than 30,000 faculty. In deep 2008, Woolworths entered administration, and subsequently closed in 2009.Each stage employed a mixture of full sequence and business office time employees, and at that place was a intelligible hierarchy app arent.At the top of the hierarchy was the head of branch responsible for the over totally implementation of the store. Then there were senior make dors usually two depict each day, they were responsible for the heed of the general day to day operations of the branch. This included stock control, round rotas, and the cashing of money at the end of the day. Full -time employees were next, and they tended to be middle aged, who worked week days. They were regularly delegated tasks by the management. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the part -time employees. T hey were often students, who worked during the evenings when the store was closed and at the weekends when the shop was busier. They were given gnomish responsibility, as the majority of them were apathetic to the performance of the judicature. They were mainly there for financial reasons, rather than to pursue a career in retail. As the majority were students, the staff flexover was very high and this resulted in the management giving these employees few opportunities. This hierarchy was on the whole effective, as part time employees were happy to win orders from full time employees and senior managing directors.Management at Woolworths were somewhat removed from their staff. Beca commit of the informal hierarchical system in place, head of branch had little intercourse with part time employees. This meant that the management didnt know many of their staff on a personal level, which in turn resulted in a poor cover of motivational methods.This subject area leave look at th e effects that management has on employee motivation at a extra branch of Woolworths. It pull up stakes value the different techniques engagementd by the organisation as a whole, and by the branch managers, to incite the employees. This report will also practice a enactment of recommendations for counsellings in which management cannister motivate these employees more effectively in Woolworths future enterprises.HR/Organisational Behaviour MotivationIn times of recession, the necessitate to motivate staff is probably as strong as ever. As many employers wont confound a large bud protrude for recruiting and training staff, they will want to hang on to their most talented and skilled workers to ensure their business survives the recession and remains competitive in the upturn (Sullivan, 2009).Employees in any organisation need something to keep them working to the best of their ability. In most cases employees are driven by money. However, sometimes just a salary is non a dequate to stay at an organisation. An employee must be motivated to work for a company or organization. If an organisation fails to motivate its staff effectively, then productivity and lineament of work will deteriorate. Keeping someone working to the best of their ability is the ultimate goal of employee motivation. There are many methods to help keep employees motivated, this report will look at a number of theories involving the effect that management has on employee motivation, and will aim to apply these to a branch of Woolworths.Motivating staff is one of the most important responsibilities for a leader in an organisation however it is also one of the most difficult. Doing so goes a long way toward ensuring a professionally healthy and productive work environment (Staren, 2009).Because there were a large number of part-time student employees working at the branch of Woolworths, managements biggest challenge was to keep these particular staff motivated. It is common for youn ger employees to see this kind of romp as only if a means to make money. As they baffle few financial responsibilities, they are less likely to feel the need to impress management and work to the best of their ability to keep their contrast. It is of the stamp that a low quality of service was a key factor in the ultimate failure of Woolworths. Because many staff were not motivated by their work, there was a knock-on effect on the quality of work carried out. This resulted in a poor customer feedback and most importantly a poor reputation.The tension was therefore on the management to try and change this impression.The following is a literature review of motivational theory. It will begin by looking at the factors of an employees job that most motivate them, followed by an in depth analysis of the effect of management on motivation.Literature ReviewWhat motivates an employee?In the early part of the 20th Century, employees were considered just another(prenominal) input in the turnout of goods and services. When Henry Ford first developed his assembly line for the Model-T, workers were treated as though they were another machine in the process, their skills reduced to a single task out of the 84 steps Ford had divided Model T production into.However this view of thinking changed after the publication of the Hawthorne Studies. Professor Elton Mayo examined the impact of work conditions in employee productivity, and following experiments conducted over six years, came to the conclusion that employees are motivated not only by money, and that employee behaviour is related to other behaviour.Studies in this area showed that interesting work has been the most important motivational factor. It is maintain by Hackman (1975) that interesting and challenging work inspires people to perform better than required, exerting additional effort in order to experience a sense of fulfilling their capableness and accomplishing worth enchantment ends. Creating interestin g work might be a challenge for organisations however. According to Kovach (1989), its hard to make all work in an organisation interesting, as its on a personal level, and what whitethorn be interesting to one person may not be interesting to another.Situation plays an important procedure and motivation varies over time and situation as well. Kovachs study shows that younger workers with low incomes in non-supervisory positions were most concerned with money, job security and prospects of promotion while older workers with higher incomes and higher organisational positions were motivated more by the work and its quality.There have been many surveys conducted on the factors for employee motivation. The first of which was by the Labour dealing Institute of New York in 1946, on industrial employees. Appreciation of work done was most important motivating factor in the first survey, as well as in 1997. But in the last decade, good wages became the most common factor. Demographics, s uch as income and location, should be considered when analysing these attitudes, according to Wiley (1977). adept of the key factors of a motivated workforce is the lead they are given. Good management of staff can ensure an organisations employees work to the best of their ability.The role of leadership when motivating staffMcGregor (1960) maintained that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Many managers tend towards theory X, and generally get poor results. Enlightened managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop.With theory X, a manager has little respect for their employees skills and considers that they need to be closely supervised and that encompassing systems of controls developed. A hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control at each and every level. They assume that the average person dislikes work and will avoid it they can, therefore employees must be forced towards org anisational objectives, with the threat of punishment. They also assume that employees prefer to be directed, to avoid responsibility and wants security above all else. Beliefs of this theory lead to mistrust, highly restrictive supervision, and a punitive atmosphere.With theory Y, management believes employees to be ambitious, self-motivated and exercise self-control. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. theory Y managers believe that employees will learn to seek out and accept responsibility and to exercise self-control and self-direction in accomplishing objectives to which they are committed.An additional theory, hypothesis Z, was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 Theory Z How American management can Meet the Japanese Challenge. It promotes a combination of theory Y and modern Japanese management, which places a large amount of freedom and trust with workers, and assumes that workers have a strong loyalty and interest in team-wo rking and the organisation.McGregors work can be related to McClellands achievement model. Due to their high task focus, achievement-motivated people have a tendency towards X-Theory style however an nAch manager can be trained to see the value of employing Theory Y style. NPow managers are almost definitely Theory X and nAffil are typically Theory Y and if not can relatively easily be trained to be so.McGregors work was based on Maslows hierarchy of need. This theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. The veritable Hierarchy of Needs model was developed between 1943 and 1954, and first widely published in Motivation and Personality in 1954. It concerned the responsibility of employers to stick out a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil their own unique potential (self-actualization). He proposed that each of us is motivated by demand, and that these most basic needs are inborn. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs states that we m ust pay each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself. Only when the humble order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development. Conversely, if the things that satisfy our lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs.McGregor suggested that management could use either set of needs to motivate employees. As management theorists became familiar with Maslows work, they soon realized the possibility of connecting higher level needs to worker motivation. If organisational goals and individual needs could be integrated so that people would acquire self-esteem and, ultimately, self-actualization through work, then motivation would be self-sustaining. Today, his Theory Y pattern influences the design of personnel policies, affects the way companies conduct performance reviews , and shapes the idea of pay for performance. David McClelland proposed that an individuals specific needs are developed over time and are forge by ones life experiences. The majority of these needs can be classed as either achievement (nAch seek to excel), affiliation (nAff need harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others), or power (nPow seek to benefit either themselves or the organisation). An employees motivation and effectiveness in certain job functions are influenced by these needs. Management should seek to understand their employees needs in order to achieve maximum motivation.The importance of each of these needs will diverge from one person to another. If management can determine the importance of each of these needs to an individual, it will help them decide how to influence that individual.By utilise these theories to manoeuver an individual employees needs, management could increase motivation by utilising Management by object ives (MBO). MBO is a systematic and organized approach that allows management to focus on possible goals and to attain the best possible results from available resources. It was first outlined by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book The Practice of Management. It aims to increase organizational performance by aligning goals and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. Ideally, employees get strong input to identify their objectives, time lines for completion, etc. MBO includes ongoing tracking and feedback in the process to go objectives.With MBO, managers focus on the result, not the activity. They delegate tasks by negotiating a contract of goals with their subordinates without dictating a detailed roadmap for implementation. Management by Objectives (MBO) is about setting objectives and then gap these down into more specific goals or key results.Application of OB theory to its organisational practiceThis review of management practise has a number of implications for Wo olworths management. Recognising the needs of individuals within the workforce can help management develop their methods and will enable them to get the best out of each individual employee. By using Maslows Hierarchy of needs, management might be able to profile their full time and part time employees effectively.By applying McClellands principle at the beginning of an employees career, management can get a deeper reasonableness of the profile of their employees. In the past, it could be assumed that all part-time staff have the same desires and needs from their job. It is uncontaminating to assume that they are all there for financial reasons only. However by applying this theory, it might be found that there are employees who wish to pursue the job and turn it into a career. They would fit into the nAch group of McClellands theory. Recognising this will give the management the opportunity to develop this employee and to hand them more responsibility in their work. This will mot ivate the employees which in turn will benefit the organisation.The majority of the part time workforce would fit into the nAff character, as they seek to have harmonious experiences and would seek to make their job as straightforward as possible by forming friendly relationships. It is the managements responsibility to ensure that the working environment is suitable for these employees, as they make up the majority.It is vital that the management recognises McGregors X and Y theory. At the branch of Woolworths in question, there were a number of managers who would fit the theory X character. In this particular field, where one of the key roles of management is communicating with their staff, this had a very negative effect. Although it would be fair for a manager to assume that many of their part time staff are apathetic to the organisations success, this is not the case. By not offering them any responsibility would not be a pragmatic decision, as it would simply deter staff furth er from reaching their potential ability at work.A theory Y character on the other hand may not be suitable for this type of work force as well. As accepted in this report, the majority of the part time workforce is there simply for financial reasons. Giving them too much responsibility may result in a lack of effectiveness, as they feel they can get away with doing a lacklustre job without being held responsible.Instead a mixture of theories X and Y might be the most suitable to manage a retail workforce, where the management might delegate responsibility to employees and give them some independence at work, whilst still keeping a close shopping center on their progress.The MBO style is appropriate for knowledge-based enterprises when your workforce are competent. It is appropriate in situations where you wish to build employees management and self-leadership skills and tap their creativity, tacit knowledge and initiative. Therefore it may not be suitable for the majority of emplo yees at Woolworths. However the head of branch should have used this style to set regular objectives for their senior managers. This would have a positive effect on all employees in the hierarchy, as the senior managers will become more motivated and will in turn motivate the staff more effectively.Conclusion Lessons for managementSuccessful work environments are characterized by open communication at all levels. The effective manager realizes that identifying positive motivators requires knowing his staff on an individual basis. He recognizes that what motivates one member, even in the same role, may not be the same for another (Staren, 2009). Woolworths management should have considered indentifying each of their employees needs and motivating factors early on in their role and ensured that they treated their workforce as individuals.Woolworths management should take avail of incentive based motivational methods in which performance is guided by objectives. By meeting regularly with staff to determine mutually agreed upon goals and objectives, this could have considerable motivational effects on its workforce.The managers should have ensured that the staff members had appropriate authority or are otherwise empowered to proceed as they compute necessary to accomplish their jobs. Giving staff more responsibility will only have a positive effect on their motivation. The key is understanding the type of responsibility they desire.

The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay -- essays re

General ViewIts very interesting that I find myself musical composition about something that not save is commonsense, save what is more, something that every one comes about in general but may not in particular. Alcohol substance abuse among teenagers is a serious problem and is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, deterioration of academic performances, aggressive behavior that causes a number of other sociological problems in families and among friends. It is also the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken marriages. As we know its a broad topic therefore Ill look at the role that inebriant plays in the society and its impact on teenage addiction.MATTER OF bushel (Causes and effects)The age when young people are taking their first drink is becoming lower each year. Many studies show that preteens are experimenting with alcohol and some are already heavy drinkers (Cahalan 1997). It may be diffi cult for parents and teachers to believe that a seventh grade student can have an alcohol problem, but a study of student inebriety practices shows that 5% of seventh-grade boys and 4.4% of seventh-grade girls are seriously abusing alcohol (Royce 1996). Thats why we see the consequences in terms of antisocial behavior, school failure, care deficit, learning disabilities and road accidents among the teenagers.THE MAIN CAUSE ..MEDIA.Despite the problems caused to young and old by alcohol, society sends mixed signals to its youth. Media presents alcohol drinking with peers as not only acceptable but also to insure friendship and as a romantic beverage. Movies present a realistic picture of alcohol abuse. A repute by "scientific analysis corporation" examined drinking practices on television and found that out of 225 programs 701 alcoholic drinking acts were recorded which were against the voluntary code (Jean Lennane,1995) of the hard liquor industry.The code states thata) A ny actor shown drinking must be over the age sixty.a) Any drinking shown should be natural, sensible and responsible.a) Ads should not suggest that drinking alcohol contributes toward social, sexual or supporting success or as being a pre-requisite of relaxation.a) Ads should not challenge or dare people to eradicate alcohol.We can see the ads any night and judge rather how many dont... ...ries in traffic accidents, loss of productivity, child abuse, broken homes and other serious social problems linked to alcohol.REMEDYIn my suggestion, an intensive education program supported by the community with qualified persons and also supported by the government in terms of financial support can positively change the attitudes and cause significant change in knowledge about alcohol. Schools can play an essential role to initiate education and preventive efforts because they reach more students than any other place. It also involves complete commitment with extensive planning.************ *********************************************************REFERENCES Grant 1996,adolescent drug abuse, vol 76, pgg 84,85. Cahalan 1997, pocket-size use and abuse of alcohol, pg 87 Royce 1996, alcohol,the national hangover, pg 44 Jean Lennane 1995, alcohol, pg 56 Alcohol, the facts, 1997, Australian government publishing service,pg148 Key Healey, 1997,Alcohol, The facts, pg 176ADDITIONAL READINGS Gall T.L., 1996 , Statistics on alcohol use,gale research inc. Alcoholism, 1998,vol 64, Neil kessel and Henry Walton.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Prosody of Beowulf -- Epic Beowulf essays

Prosody of Beowulf The prosody of Beowulf is the art of Old English versification, made to be chanted orally, not read silently. Therefore it uses initial rhyme and accent to achieve the poetical effect which Modern English poetry achieves through the use of poetic feet, each having the same number of syllables and the same pattern of accent (Wilkie 1271). Theory on the prosody of Beowulf is evolving. In the manuscript version of the poem, alliteration is employed in almost every line (or two half-lines) in most modern translations of the poem this is not so. In lines 4 and 5 of the poem we find oftentimes Scyld Scefing sceapena preatum monegum maegpum meodo-setla ofteah The repetition of the s sound in line 4 and of the m sound in line 5 illustrate alliteration, and this occurs throughout the poem, providing to the listener an esthetic sense of rightness or pleasure. In 1958 two language scholars, Lehmann nd Tabusa, produced an alphabetized list of every alliterated word i n the poem. One translator, Kevin Crossley-Holland, in his version of the poem in Literature of the Western World, actually includes considerable alliteration (Wilkie 1271). The Old English poet would tie the two half-lines together by their stressed alliteration (Chickering 4). The prototypical half-line is called the on-verse, which is followed by the off-verse. Each line of poetry ideally contains four principal stresses, two on each side of a strong medial caesura, or pause, and a variable number of less-heavily stressed or unstressed ones. At least one of the two stressed words in the first half-line, and usually both of them, begin with the same sound as t... ...ed by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co. 1975. Kiernan, Kevin S.. The Legacy of Wiglaf, In The Beowulf Reader, edited by Peter S. Baker. New York decorate Publishing, 2000. Magoun, Frances P. Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry. In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Stockwell, Robert. P. and Donka Minkova. Prosody In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, nor-east Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997. Tharaud, Barry. Anglo-Saxon Language and Traditions in Beowulf. In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego Greenhaven Press,1998. Wilkie, Brian. Beowulf. Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.